Principles of seed production||CLASS-11|| UNIT-8|| 2022

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 UNIT-8

Principles of seed production:

Agronomic principles Of Seed production

Selection of a Agro-climatic Region:

 A crop variety to be grown for seed production in an area must be adapted to the photoperiod and temperature conditions prevailing in that area.

 

 Selection of seed plot

 The plot selected for seed crop must be free from volunteer plants, weed plants and have good soil texture and fertility The soil of the seed plot should be comparatively free from soil borne diseases and insects pests.

 Isolation of Seed crops

 The seed crop must be isolated from other nearby fields of the same crops and the other contaminating crops as per requirement of the certification standards.

 Preparation of Land

 Good land preparation helps in improved germination, good stand establishment and destruction of potential weeds. It also aids in water management and good uniform irrigation.

 Selection of variety

 The variety of seed production must be carefully selected, should possess disease resistance, earliness, grain quality, a higher yielder, and adapted to the agroclimatic conditions of the region.

 Seed treatment:

 Depending upon the requirement the following seed treatment may be given

 Chemical seed treatment.Bacterial inoculation for the legumes.Seed treatment for breaking dormancy.

 

 Time of planting

 The seed crops should invariably be sown at their normal planting time. Depending upon the incidence of diseases and pests, some adjustments, could be made, if necessary.

 Seed Rate

 Lower seed rates than usual for raising commercial crop are desirable because they facilitate rouging operations and inspection of seed crops.

 

 Method of sowing

 The most efficient and ideal method of sowing is by mechanical drilling.

 

Depth of sowing 

 Depth of sowing is extremely important in ensuring good plant stand. Small seeds should usually be planted shallow, but large seeds could be planted a little deeper.

 Rouging:

 Adequate and timely rouging is extremely important in seed production. Rouging in most of the field crops may be done at many of the following stages as per needs of the seed crop.

 

Principles and schemes of nucleus, breeder’s and foundation seed production: यो अहिले नलेख्नु होला!!

1. Nucleus seed : This is the hundred percent genetically pure seed with physical purity and produced by the original breeder/Institute /Agriculture University (AU) from basic nucleus seed stock. A pedigree certificate is issued by the producing breeder.

2. Breeder seed

Breeder seed is the vegetative propagating material which is directly controlled by the plant breeder for breeding programme. It is genetically and physically pure seed. It is supervised by the qualified plant breeders so as to protect it from any contamination. This type of seed is produced in very limited amount and other seeds are the progeny of this breeder seed. Breeder seed is labelled by the golden yellow color certificate.

3. Foundation seed

Foundation seed is the progeny of breeder seed. It is produced under the supervision of certification agency and also certified by it. It is also physically and genetically pure seed like breeder seed. It is produced in very limited amount but little bit more than breeder seed. Foundation seed is labelled by the white color certificate. Foundation seed is then distributed to the registered growers.

Start from here:

Hybrid seed:

In agriculture and gardening, hybrid seed is seed produced by cross-pollinated plants. Hybrid seed production is predominant in modern agriculture and home gardening. It is one of the main contributors to the dramatic rise in agricultural output during the last half of the 20th century. The alternatives to hybridization are open pollination and clonal propagation. All of the hybrid seeds planted by the farmer will produce similar plants, while the seeds of the next generation from those hybrids will not consistently have the desired characteristics. Controlled hybrids provide very uniform characteristics because they are produced by crossing two inbred strains. Elite inbred strains are used that express well-documented and consistent phenotypes (such as high crop yield) that are relatively good for inbred plants.